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<title>Expanded Books</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Expanded Books</span></span>

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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b>Expanded Books</b> Project was a project by The <a href="Voyager_Company" title="Voyager Company">Voyager Company</a> during 1991, that investigated how a book could be presented on a computer screen in a way that would be both familiar and useful to regular book readers. The project focused on perfecting font choice, font size, line spacing, margin notes, book marks, and other publishing details to work in digital format.<sup id="cite_ref-themagazine_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-themagazine-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Much of the impetus for Expanded Books derived from a meeting on digital books that Voyager sponsored on <a href="Bloomsday" title="Bloomsday">Bloomsday</a> in 1990, attended by various pioneering <a href="Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> and <a href="Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a> experts. Voyager had earlier released a successful CD companion to Beethoven's <a href="Symphony_No._9_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)">Symphony No. 9</a>, and its president Bob Stein had obtained a grant to work on creating a similar product for literature.<sup id="cite_ref-themagazine_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-themagazine-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-triplecanopy_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triplecanopy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this meeting, a consensus emerged that, to overcome the relative inconvenience of being tied to a low-resolution and cumbersome digital display, digital books would have to offer "added value". <a href="Florian_Brody" title="Florian Brody">Florian Brody</a>, head of the Expanded Books project, had the idea to design digital books specifically for the then-new <a href="Powerbook_100" class="mw-redirect" title="Powerbook 100">Apple PowerBook 100</a>, which Apple had donated to Voyager.<sup id="cite_ref-themagazine_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-themagazine-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The programming for the initial products took place between October and December 1991. The first three book titles (<i><a href="The_Hitchhiker's_Guide_to_the_Galaxy" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy">The Complete Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy</a></i>, <i><a href="The_Annotated_Alice" title="The Annotated Alice">The Complete Annotated Alice</a></i>, and <i><a href="Jurassic_Park_(novel)" title="Jurassic Park (novel)">Jurassic Park</a></i>) were released at MacWorld San Francisco in January 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-voyagerdebut_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voyagerdebut-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These books and their successors relied on a "book engine" that provided a simple but powerful feature set: convenient and simple search methods, the ability to switch between large print and normal print versions, unobtrusive navigation tools (such as a <a href="Dropdown_menu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropdown menu">chapter menu that dropped down</a> from the chapter heading on each "page"), a margin area on each page in which readers could write notes, and interactive annotations. For example, <i><a href="Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">Moby-Dick</a></i> included a sound clip of the sea as an annotation,<sup id="cite_ref-mediamatic_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mediamatic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="The_Annotated_Alice" title="The Annotated Alice">The Annotated Alice</a></i> provided <a href="Pop-up_notification" title="Pop-up notification">pop-up annotations</a> derived from both editions of Martin Gardner's work.<sup id="cite_ref-mediamatic_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mediamatic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-slate_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some readers found these annotations unwieldy and difficult to navigate, with poor usability.<sup id="cite_ref-mediamatic_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mediamatic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Expanded Books was not initially the definitive title of the product range. Another favored contender was "Power Books", but that idea died when Voyager was told <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>'s about-to-be-released <a href="Notebook_computer" title="Notebook computer">notebooks</a> were to be called <a href="PowerBook" title="PowerBook">PowerBooks</a>. Hence, the original project name became the product name.

</p><p>Between February 1992 and August 1992, Voyager created the Expanded Books Toolkit, which allowed authors to create their own Expanded Books. Voyager themselves went on to produce over 60 books as Expanded Books; the underlying software was also used in <a href="CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROMs</a> such as <i><a href="A_Hard_Day's_Night_(film)#Release_history" title="A Hard Day's Night (film)">A Hard Day's Night</a></i>, <i>Salt of the Earth</i>, and <i><a href="Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-themagazine_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-themagazine-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eai_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eai-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>All programming for the Expanded Books and Toolkit was in <a href="HyperCard" title="HyperCard">HyperCard</a>, with the exception of a few <a href="XCMD" class="mw-redirect" title="XCMD">XCMDs</a> and strings stored as resources.<sup id="cite_ref-triplecanopy_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triplecanopy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eai_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eai-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFCohen2013" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen, Michael (2013-12-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://the-magazine.org/32/scotched">"Scotched: Fair thoughts and happy hours did not attend upon an early enhanced-book adaptation of Macbeth"</a>. <i>The Magazine</i> (32). Seattle, WA: Aperiodical LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-07</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-triplecanopy-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-triplecanopy_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-triplecanopy_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVisel2010" class="citation journal cs1">Visel, Dan (2010-07-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canopycanopycanopy.com/issues/9/contents/mao__king_kong__and_the_future_of_the_book">"Mao, King Kong, and the Future of the Book"</a>. <i>Triple Canopy</i> (9). New York, NY<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-06</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-voyagerdebut-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-voyagerdebut_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLangberg1992" class="citation news cs1">Langberg, Mike (1992-02-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1992-02-24-1992055074-story.html">"Firms seek to marry books, computers"</a>. <i>The Baltimore Sun</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130802013154/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1992-02-24/business/1992055074_1_voyager-michael-crichton-wonderland">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-29</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-mediamatic-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mediamatic_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mediamatic_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mediamatic_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBuwalda1994" class="citation web cs1">Buwalda, Minne (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediamatic.net/5817/en/voyager">"Voyager: The expanded Book Toolkit, Voyager Company"</a>. <i>www.mediamatic.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-06</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-slate-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-slate_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHaglund2012" class="citation web cs1">Haglund, David (2012-05-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2012/05/29/getting_the_book_invented_properly_douglas_adams_narrates_the_history_of_the_book_in_two_minutes_.html">"Did You See This? The History of the Book in Two Minutes"</a>. <i>www.slate.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-06</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-eai-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eai_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eai_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2010" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Jeff (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eai.org/resourceguide/preservation/computer/pdf-docs/voyager_casestudy.pdf">"Voyager Company CD-ROMs: Production History and Preservation Challenges of Commercial Interactive Media"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Electronic Arts Intermix</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Books361" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Book" title="Book">Books</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Binding</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_cover" title="Book cover">Covers</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dust_jacket" title="Dust jacket">dust jackets</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Book_design" title="Book design">Design</a></li>

<li><a href="Editing" title="Editing">Editing</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_illustration" title="Book illustration">Illustration</a>

<ul><li><a href="Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscripts</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Edition_(book)" title="Edition (book)">edition</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_printing" title="History of printing">history</a></li>

<li><a href="Incunable" title="Incunable">incunabula</a></li>

<li><a href="Instant_book" title="Instant book">instant book</a></li>

<li><a href="Limited-edition_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited-edition book">limited edition</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Advance_copy" title="Advance copy">advance copy</a></li>

<li><a href="Hardcover" title="Hardcover">hardcover</a></li>

<li><a href="Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></li>

<li><a href="Volume_(bibliography)" title="Volume (bibliography)">Volume (bibliography)</a></li>

<li><a href="Collection_(publishing)" title="Collection (publishing)">Collection (publishing)</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_series" title="Book series">Book series</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumption</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Literary_award" title="Literary award">Awards</a></li>

<li><a href="Bestseller" title="Bestseller">Bestsellers</a>

<li><a href="Bibliography" title="Bibliography">Bibliography</a></li>

<li><a href="Bibliomania" title="Bibliomania">Bibliomania</a> (<a href="Tsundoku" title="Tsundoku">tsundoku</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Bookworm" title="Bookworm">Bibliophilia</a></li>

<li><a href="Bibliotherapy" title="Bibliotherapy">Bibliotherapy</a></li>

<li><a href="Bookmark" title="Bookmark">Bookmarks</a></li>

<li><a href="Bookselling" title="Bookselling">Bookselling</a>

<ul><li><a href="Blurb" title="Blurb">blurbs</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_town" title="Book town">book towns</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_bookselling" title="History of bookselling">history</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_censorship" title="Book censorship">Censorship</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_discussion_club" title="Book discussion club">Clubs</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_collecting" title="Book collecting">Collecting</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_scanning" title="Book scanning">Digitizing</a></li>

<li><a href="Bookworm_(insect)" title="Bookworm (insect)">Bookworm (insect)</a></li>

<li>Furniture

<ul><li><a href="Bookcase" title="Bookcase">bookcases</a></li>

<li><a href="Bookend" title="Bookend">bookends</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Library" title="Library">Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Print_culture" title="Print culture">Print culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Reading" title="Reading">Reading</a>

<ul><li><a href="Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Book_review" title="Book review">Reviews</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Books_in_Brazil" title="Books in Brazil">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Traditional_Chinese_bookbinding" title="Traditional Chinese bookbinding">China</a></li>

<li><a href="Books_in_France" title="Books in France">France</a></li>

<li><a href="Books_in_Germany" title="Books in Germany">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Books_in_Italy" title="Books in Italy">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="Was%C5%8Dbon" title="Wasōbon">Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="Books_in_the_Netherlands" title="Books in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_publishing_in_Pakistan" title="Book publishing in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Books_in_Spain" title="Books in Spain">Spain</a></li>

<li><a href="Books_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Books in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="Books_in_the_United_States" title="Books in the United States">United States</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Genres

<ul><li><a href="Non-fiction" title="Non-fiction">non-fiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Novel" title="Novel">novel</a></li>

<li><a href="Imaginary_book" title="Imaginary book">imaginary</a></li>

<li><a href="Miniature_book" title="Miniature book">miniature</a></li>

<li><a href="Textbook" title="Textbook">textbook</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Grimoire" title="Grimoire">Grimoire</a></li>

<li>Formats

<ul><li><a href="Audiobook" title="Audiobook">audiobooks</a></li>

<li><a href="Ebook" title="Ebook">Ebooks</a></li>

<li><a href="Folio" title="Folio">Folio</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Coffee_table_book" title="Coffee table book">Coffee table book</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lists_of_banned_books" title="Lists of banned books">Banned books</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_burning" title="Book burning">Book burning</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_book-burning_incidents" title="List of book-burning incidents">incidents</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_curse" title="Book curse">Book curses</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_packaging" title="Book packaging">Book packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_swapping" title="Book swapping">Book swapping</a></li>

<li><a href="Conservation_and_restoration_of_books%2C_manuscripts%2C_documents_and_ephemera" title="Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera">Conservation and restoration</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a>

<ul><li><a href="Scroll" title="Scroll">scroll</a></li>

<li><a href="Codex" title="Codex">codex</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_books" title="Outline of books">Outline</a></li>

<li><a href="Preservation_(library_and_archive)" title="Preservation (library and archive)">Preservation</a></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Philobiblon" title="The Philobiblon">The Philobiblon</a></i></li>

<li><a href="World_Book_Day" title="World Book Day">World Book Day</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Book_Capital" title="World Book Capital">World Book Capital</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"></span></span> <a href="Outline_of_books" title="Outline of books">Outline</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3ABooks" title="Portal:Books">Portal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-10-18" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Expanded_Books&oldid=1251804522">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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